![]() ![]() It was first inaugurated in 1881 without sculptures or any meticulous details, and was thereby criticized by the press, after which this triumphal arch was thoroughly amended by the addition of a fountain and some minor attributes, which required six years of construction from 1882 to 1888, and was thenceforth put on display at the Universal Exhibition, and hitherto not been redesigned. The Cascada ( waterfall or cascade in Spanish) is located at the northern corner of the park opposite to the lake. The park's bandstand, Glorieta de la Transsexual Sònia, is dedicated to a transsexual woman, Sonia Rescalvo Zafra, who was murdered there on 6 October 1991 by right-wing extremists. From that point until 1892, half of the park's layout was enhanced again in order to obtain sufficient space for the zoo. This marked the conclusion of the old provincial and unprogressive Barcelona and the establishment of a modern cosmopolitan city. Nineteen years later, in 1888, Barcelona held the Exposición Universal de Barcelona extravaganza, inspired by Mayor Rius i Taulet, and the park was redesigned with the addition of sculptures and other complementary works of art. The chapel (now the Military Parish Church of Barcelona), the Governor's palace (now Verdaguer Secondary School), and the arsenal (now home to the Catalan Parliament) remain, with the rest of the site being turned into the contemporary park by the architect Josep Fontsére in 1872. By 1869, as the political climate liberalised enough to permit it, General Prim decided to turn over what was left of the fortress to the city and some buildings were demolished under Catalan orders, for it was viewed by the citizens as a much-hated symbol of central Spanish government. ![]() ![]() In 1848, after Maria Cristina's abdication and as the citadel lost its use, General Espartero razed most of the buildings within the fortress as well as its walls by bombarding it from the nearby mountain fortress Montjuic, which helped him gain political popularity. Yet two years later, in 1843, under the regime of Maria Cristina, the citadel was restored. In 1841 the city's authorities decided to destroy the fortress, which was hated by Barcelona's citizens. Three decades later a quarter was rebuilt around the fortress named Barceloneta, which is located inside the neighborhood Ciutat Vella. Hundreds of Catalans were forced to work on the construction for three years, while the rest of the city provided financial backing for this and for warfare-related expenses as well, with a new tax named el cadestre. It included enough buildings to house 8,000 people. The fortress was characterized by having five corners, which gave the citadel defensive power, and by a rather wide surrounding margin, serving as location for the army's cannons. The city fell, and in order to maintain control over it, and to prevent the Catalans from rebelling as they had in the previous century, Philip V built the citadel of Barcelona, at that time the largest fortress in Europe.Ī substantial part of the district it was constructed in ( La Ribera) was destroyed to obtain the necessary space, leaving its inhabitants homeless. In 1714, during the War of the Spanish Succession, Barcelona was laid siege for 13 months by the army of Philip V of Spain. Map of the military compound of Ciutadella
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